Climate basics
Climate vs Weather: What Is the Difference?
Weather is what happens today; climate is the long-term pattern. Learn why a cold snap does not disprove global warming and what climate normals are.
How Do We Know the Climate Is Warming? The Evidence Explained
Thermometers, ocean heat, melting ice and rising seas: how independent datasets from NASA, NOAA, the Met Office and others show the world is warming.
Permafrost Thaw Explained: Why Frozen Ground Matters for the Climate
Permafrost is ground that stays frozen for years. Here is why it is thawing, what carbon it holds, and how thaw affects Arctic communities and the climate.
What Is the Greenhouse Effect? A Plain-English Explanation
How the natural greenhouse effect keeps Earth livable, why adding carbon dioxide and methane strengthens it, and what that means for warming.
Extreme weather
El Niño and La Niña Explained: How the Pacific Shapes Global Weather
El Niño and La Niña are natural swings in Pacific Ocean temperatures that shift weather worldwide. How ENSO works, its effects, and how forecasts are made.
Heat Waves and Health: What Makes Heat Dangerous and How to Stay Safe
Why extreme heat is so dangerous, how the heat index works, who is most at risk, the signs of heat illness, and practical ways to stay safe.
Hurricanes and Climate Change: What the Science Says
How hurricanes form, and what scientists know and do not know about climate change and storm intensity, rainfall, storm surge and frequency.
Wildfires and Climate Change: What Is Driving Bigger Fire Seasons
How heat, drought and longer fire seasons connect wildfires to climate change, what other factors matter, and how to protect yourself from wildfire smoke.
Oceans
Microplastics in the Ocean: Where They Come From and What We Know
Microplastics are plastic bits under 5 mm, found from beaches to the deep sea. Learn their sources, effects on sea life, and what is still uncertain.
Ocean Acidification Explained: What It Is and Why It Matters
The ocean absorbs a large share of our carbon dioxide, which changes seawater chemistry. Here is how ocean acidification works and what it means for sea life.
Why Are Sea Levels Rising? Causes, Measurements and Coastal Impacts
Sea levels are rising because warming water expands and land ice melts. How scientists measure it, why it varies by place, and what it means for coasts.
Solutions
Renewable Energy Basics: Solar, Wind, Hydro and How the Grid Copes
A plain-English guide to renewable energy: how solar, wind, hydro and geothermal power work, why costs fell, and how grids handle variable supply.
What Can One Person Do About Climate Change? Actions That Matter
An evidence-based guide to personal climate action: home energy, transport, food, voting and community, and how individual choices fit into bigger change.
Wildlife & nature
Coral Bleaching Explained: Why Reefs Turn White
Coral bleaching happens when heat stress breaks the partnership between corals and their algae. Learn how it works, when corals recover and when they die.
Deforestation and Climate Change: How Losing Forests Warms the Planet
Forests store vast amounts of carbon. Learn what drives deforestation, how it adds to climate change, its effects on wildlife and rain, and what helps.